VeraCrypt

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VeraCrypt is an open-source utility used for on-the-fly encryption (OTFE).[1] It can create a virtual encrypted disk within a file or encrypt a partition[2] or (in Windows) the entire storage device with pre-boot authentication.[3]

VeraCrypt is a fork of the discontinued TrueCrypt project.[4] It was initially released on 22 June 2013 and has produced its latest release (version 1.22) on 30 March 2018.[5] Many security improvements have been implemented and issues raised by TrueCrypt code audits have been fixed (see below). VeraCrypt features optimized implementations of cryptographic hash functions and ciphers which boost performance on modern CPUs (see Performance).


Installation and use

Linux

Download veracrypt-1.22-setup.tar.bz2 from https://www.veracrypt.fr/en/Downloads.html and extract the file.


In terminal, type 

cd veracrypt-1.22-setup/
./veracrypt-1.22-setup-gui-x64

then the installaion is finished.


If you want to start it, type 

veracrypt

in terminal.


Trouble shooting on Ubuntu 19.04

You can see an error message if you use Ubuntu Linux 19.04. It's easy to solve the problem. Just type the beneath command in your terminal.


  • veracrypt: error while loading shared libraries: libgtk-x11-2.0.so.0

2018-10-28

veracrypt: error while loading shared libraries: libgtk-x11-2.0.so.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory 

sudo apt install libgtk2.0-0

https://askubuntu.com/questions/1087912/veracrypt-error-while-loading-shared-libraries-libgtk-x11-2-0-so-0

External HDD

2.5 inch external HDD can work with only USB power. But 3.5 inch external H.D.D. needs to connect to a power outlet. So you'd better use 2.5″ external HDD.


  • Portable Hard Disk Drive SATA 7+15 Pin 22 to USB 2.0 Adapter Cable for 2.5inch HDD External Convert

https://www.amazon.com/Portable-Adapter-2-5inch-External-Convert/dp/B07B476KNC/

  • BENFEI USB 3.0 to SATA, USB 3.0 to 2.5” SATA III Hard Drive Adapter Cable w/UASP Compatible for 2.5 inch HDD and SSD

https://www.amazon.com/BENFEI-Drive-Adapter-Cable-Compatible/dp/B07F7WDZGT/

  • StarTech.com USB 3.0 to 2.5” SATA III Hard Drive Adapter Cable w/ UASP – SATA to USB 3.0 Converter for SSD/HDD - Hard Drive Adapter Cable

https://www.amazon.com/StarTech-com-SATA-Drive-Adapter-Cable/dp/B00HJZJI84/


How to mount an external H.D.D. on Linux?

For more detail, see Ubuntu.

Encryption scheme

Algorithms

Individual ciphers supported by VeraCrypt are AES, Serpent, Twofish, Camellia, and Kuznyechik. The Magma cipher was removed in version 1.19 in response to a security audit.[6] Additionally, ten different combinations of cascaded algorithms are available: AES–Twofish, AES–Twofish–Serpent, Camellia–Kuznyechik, Camellia–Serpent, Kuznyechik–AES, Kuznyechik–Serpent–Camellia, Kuznyechik–Twofish, Serpent–AES, Serpent–Twofish–AES, and Twofish–Serpent.[7] The cryptographic hash functions available for use in VeraCrypt are RIPEMD-160, SHA-256, SHA-512, Streebog and Whirlpool.[8]

Modes of operation

VeraCrypt uses the XTS mode of operation.[9]

Keys

The header key and the secondary header key (XTS mode) are generated using PBKDF2 with a 512-bit salt and 327,661 to 655,331 iterations, depending on the underlying hash function used.[10]

Plausible deniability

As with its predecessor TrueCrypt, VeraCrypt supports plausible deniability[11] by allowing a single "hidden volume" to be created within another volume.[12] In addition, the Windows versions of VeraCrypt have the ability to create and run a hidden encrypted operating system whose existence may be denied.[13]

The VeraCrypt documentation lists many ways in which VeraCrypt's hidden volume deniability features may be compromised (e.g. by third-party software which may leak information through temporary files, thumbnails, etc., to unencrypted disks) and possible ways to avoid this.[14]


Security improvements

Template:See also

  • The VeraCrypt development team considered the TrueCrypt storage format too vulnerable to a National Security Agency (NSA) attack, so it created a new format incompatible with that of TrueCrypt. This is one of the main differences between VeraCrypt and its competitor CipherShed, which continues to use the TrueCrypt format. VeraCrypt is still capable of opening and converting volumes in the TrueCrypt format.[15][16]
  • An independent security audit of TrueCrypt released 29 September 2015 found TrueCrypt includes two vulnerabilities in the Windows installation driver allowing an attacker arbitrary code execution and privilege escalation via DLL hijacking.[17] This was fixed in VeraCrypt in January 2016.[18]
  • While TrueCrypt uses 1000 iterations of the PBKDF2-RIPEMD160 algorithm for system partitions, VeraCrypt uses 327,661 iterations. For standard containers and other partitions, VeraCrypt uses 655,331 iterations of RIPEMD160 and 500,000 iterations of SHA-2 and Whirlpool. While this makes VeraCrypt slower at opening encrypted partitions, it also makes password guessing attacks slower.[19]
  • Additionally, since version 1.12 a new feature called "Personal Iterations Multiplier" (PIM) provides a parameter whose value is used to control the number of iterations used by the header key derivation function, thereby making brute-force attacks potentially even more difficult. Veracrypt out of the box uses a reasonable PIM value to improve security,[20] but users can provide higher value to enhance security. The primary downside of this feature is that it makes the process of opening encrypted archives even slower.[21][22][23][20]
  • A vulnerability in the bootloader was fixed on Windows and various optimizations were made as well. The developers added support for SHA-256 to the system boot encryption option and also fixed a ShellExecute security issue. Linux and macOS users benefit from support for hard drives with sector sizes larger than 512. Linux also received support for the NTFS formatting of volumes.
  • VeraCrypt added the capability to encrypt GPT system partitions and boot them using UEFI in version 1.18a.[15]
  • Option to enable/disable support for TRIM command for both system and non-system drives is added in version 1.22.[15]

VeraCrypt audit

An audit of VeraCrypt 1.18 was conducted by QuarksLab on behalf of the Open Source Technology Improvement Fund, taking 32 man-days and published on 17 October 2016.[24][25] The major vulnerabilities identified in this audit were resolved in VeraCrypt 1.19, released the same day.[26][27]

Security precautions

There are several kinds of attacks that all software-based disk encryption is vulnerable to. As with TrueCrypt, the VeraCrypt documentation instructs users to follow various security precautions to mitigate these attacks,[14][28] several of which are detailed below.

Encryption keys stored in memory

VeraCrypt stores its keys in RAM; on an ordinary personal computer DRAM will maintain its contents for several seconds after power is cut (or longer if the temperature is lowered). Even if there is some degradation in the memory contents, various algorithms can intelligently recover the keys. This method, known as a cold boot attack (which would apply in particular to a notebook computer obtained while in power-on, suspended, or screen-locked mode), has been successfully used to attack a file system protected by TrueCrypt.[29]

Physical security

VeraCrypt documentation states that VeraCrypt is unable to secure data on a computer if an attacker physically accessed it and VeraCrypt is then used on the compromised computer by the user again. This does not affect the common case of a stolen, lost, or confiscated computer.[30] The attacker having physical access to a computer can, for example, install a hardware or a software keylogger, a bus-mastering device capturing memory or install any other malicious hardware or software, allowing the attacker to capture unencrypted data (including encryption keys and passwords) or to decrypt encrypted data using captured passwords or encryption keys. Therefore, physical security is a basic premise of a secure system. Attacks such as this are often called "evil maid attacks".[31]

Malware

Some kinds of malware are designed to log keystrokes, including typed passwords, that may then be sent to the attacker over the Internet or saved to an unencrypted local drive from which the attacker might be able to read it later, when they gain physical access to the computer.[32]

Trusted Platform Module

The FAQ section of the VeraCrypt website[33] states that the Trusted Platform Module (TPM) cannot be relied upon for security, because if the attacker has physical or administrative access to the computer and you use it afterwards, the computer could have been modified by the attacker e.g. a malicious component—such as a hardware keystroke logger—could have been used to capture the password or other sensitive information. Since the TPM does not prevent an attacker from maliciously modifying the computer, VeraCrypt will not support TPM.


See also


References

  1. ↑ "VeraCrypt Official Site"
  2. ↑ Template:Cite web
  3. ↑ Template:Cite web
  4. ↑ Template:Cite web
  5. ↑ "VeraCrypt Downloads"
  6. ↑ https://www.theregister.co.uk/2016/10/18/veracrypt_audit/
  7. ↑ Template:Cite web
  8. ↑ Template:Cite web
  9. ↑ Template:Cite web
  10. ↑ Template:Cite web
  11. ↑ Template:Cite web
  12. ↑ Template:Cite web
  13. ↑ Template:Cite web
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Template:Cite web
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 "VeraCrypt Release Notes"
  16. ↑ Castle, Alex (March, 2015). "Where Are We At With TrueCrypt?". MaximumPC, p. 59.
  17. ↑ http://www.pcworld.com/article/2987439/encryption/newly-found-truecrypt-flaw-allows-full-system-compromise.html
  18. ↑ CVE-2016-1281: TrueCrypt and VeraCrypt Windows installers allow arbitrary code execution with elevation of privilege
  19. ↑ Template:Cite web
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Template:Cite web
  21. ↑ Template:Cite web
  22. ↑ Template:Cite web
  23. ↑ Template:Cite web
  24. ↑ Template:Cite web
  25. ↑ Template:Cite web
  26. ↑ Template:Cite web
  27. ↑ Template:Cite web
  28. ↑ Template:Cite web
  29. ↑ Template:Cite web
  30. ↑ Template:Cite web
  31. ↑ Template:Cite web
  32. ↑ Template:Cite web
  33. ↑ Template:Cite web

External links

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