TrueOS
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Originally there were desktop version PC-BSD and server version TrueOS, but in 2016, PC-BSD was merged into TrueOS.
- PC-BSD Evolves into TrueOS
Sep 1, 2016
We are proud to announce that the PC-BSD project has evolved into TrueOS: a modern, cutting-edge distribution of FreeBSD focused on security, simplicity, and stability for desktops, servers, and beyond! TrueOS harnesses the best elements of PC-BSD, combines it with security technologies from OpenBSD, and layers it on top of FreeBSD to provide a complete system for modern machines.
https://www.trueos.org/blog/pc-bsd-evolves-into-trueos/
In 2018, the developers of TrueOS abandoned desktop environment (DE) and graphical user interface (GUI). They decided that to focus on developing the core of the operating system. They recommend using Project Trident or GhostBSD since they're similar to TrueOS because they also based on FreeBSD.
- TrueOS to Focus on Core Operating System
Jun 6, 2018
Some of you are probably asking yourselves “But what if I want to have a graphical desktop?” Don’t worry! We’re making sure that everyone who knows and loves the legacy desktop version of TrueOS will be able to continue using a FreeBSD-based, graphical operating system in the future. For instance, if you want to add KDE, just use sudo pkg install kde and voila! You have your new shiny desktop. Easy right? This allows us to get back to our roots of being a desktop agnostic operating system. If you want to add a new desktop environment, you get to pick the one that best suits your use.
We know that some of you will still be looking for an out-of-the-box solution similar to legacy PC-BSD and TrueOS. We’re happy to announce that Project Trident will take over graphical FreeBSD development going forward. Not much is going to change in that regard other than a new name! You’ll still have Lumina Desktop as a lightweight and feature-rich desktop environment and tons of utilities from the legacy TrueOS toolchain like sysadm and AppCafe. There will be migration paths available for those that would like to move to other FreeBSD-based distributions like Project Trident or GhostBSD.
https://www.trueos.org/blog/trueosdownstream/
In 2020, the developers of Project Trident decided to migrate their OS from FreeBSD base to Void Linux base.
- 2020 OS MIGRATION
THE RESULT
After several months of examination and testing of the various operating systems that are available right now, we have reached a conclusion. Project Trident will rebasing with Void Linux.
Migration Timetable
We will continue working toward this migration over the next several months and are planning to announce and release the new Void Linux version of Project Trident in January 2020.
https://project-trident.org/post/os_migration/
Project Trident is TrueOS based operating system with ZFS. TrueOS is FreeBSD based OS. Project Trident is a cutting-edge FreeBSD graphical desktop operating system designed with ease-of-use in mind. Trident uses Lumina desktop environment.
Unix-like operating system includes BSD and Linux. BSD includes FreeBSD, and FreeBSD includes macOS, iOS, and TrueOS. Linux includes Linux Mint and Android.
The developer merged PC version OS PC-BSD into server version OS TrueOS. https://www.trueos.org/blog/pc-bsd-evolves-into-trueos/
See the Unix-like article.
Installation
Preparation of an installation
Click the 'Browse' button of the 'Browse Downloads' menu of the above link.
Enter into /master/amd64/
Download TrueOS-Desktop-18.03-x64-USB.img file. The file size is about 2.75 GB.
Download Etcher to burn an img file on a USB media to make a bootable USB drive. Just download the portable version, not the installer version.
Etcher-Portable-1.4.4-x64.exe
You need a 4 GB USB flash drive.
Process of an installation
Select "Customize Disk Settings" at "Disk Selection".
Select "Advanced (Experienced with file systems)" at "Setup Mode".
Choose a disk or partition which you want to install TrueOS. Full dick encryption is only able on GPT, not on MBR. GELI (for FreeBSD) only supports GPT.
https://www.trueos.org/handbook/install.html#zfs-layout
https://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/disks-encrypting.html
You can use GPT even if you have a mainboard that doesn't support UEFI. But Windows only supports "BIOS supporting UEFI + GPT" or "legacy BIOS + MBR". So if you want to install Windows and TrueOS together, you should use a motherboard supporting UEFI.
TrueOS can be installed on a GPT partition, primary MBR partion, or free space. It can't be installed on a secondary or an extended partition.
https://www.trueos.org/handbook/install.html#basic-mode
You can't make or delete partitions when you install TrueOS. You made partitions before installation of TrueOS. Or you should use an entire disk. And geli only supports GPT, not MBR.
If you finish "Customize Disk Settings" of "Disk Selection", select "Install to disk" and click the Next button.
A boot environment is a snapshot for a specific time. You can use the boot environment, when your operating system's update fails. You don't need choose "Install into Boot Environment".
https://www.trueos.org/handbook/install.html#bsd-boot-loader
Setting during an installation
Remove the USB flash drive and reboot the system. Then you can see a message such as "GELI Passphrase for disk0p2:"
Just input your passphrase for full disk encryption.
And then, it asks you what password you want as a root password. Type what you want.
And you can make user on "User Details" tab. Input "username" and "password".
Next tab is "PersonaCrypt". PersonaCrypt device is a removable USB media.
https://sysadm.us/handbook/client/sysadmclient.html#personacrypt
The you can see the login page. The default desktop environment is Lumina but you can choose Fluxbox.
Initial settings
Network setting
If the system can't get an IP address using DHCP, you should setup manually IP address and netmask on an "Advanced" tab of the "Wireless Configuration".
If it will make an error after booting, you can choose DHCP again.
You can change MAC address on the "Advanced" tab of the "Wireless Configuration".
Date setting
You can set a date and time in the terminal.
If you want to set your date and time at 8:33 p.m., September 22, 2018, just type the below command in the terminal.
sudo date 1809222033
If you want set seconds, you can type like below. ".47" means 47 second.
sudo date 1809222033.47
If you input the below command in terminal, you can see the date and time at present.
date
- Setting date and time
Sep 23, 2010
https://forums.freebsd.org/threads/setting-date-and-time.17996/
If your computer's date is too different to the real time, you can't connect to the https websites. And you also can't connect to Tor network.
Graphic chipset driver problem
TrueOS can't find the best driver for a graphic card or graphic chipset. Or there is no good graphic driver for BSD or FreeBSd.
I used Linux on this laptop and there was no problems. But TrueOS can't show the maximum resolution of the monitor and graphic chipset. I have to use the lower resolution.
Software installation methods
Using AppCafe (Using a GUI)
Click the start button, and search AppCafe on the start menu.
Search an app's name on AppCafe, then click the "Install" button.
It is similar to Google Play Store or Apple App Store.
pkg install (On a terminal)
Finding a specific package using the terminal.
pkg search package_name
Installing it.
sudo pkg install package_name
Deleting it.
sudo pkg delete package_name
ports (Compiling a source code)
You can compile a computer program from a source code using ports. But TrueOS doesn't have ports' list so you should fetch them.
Type the below command on the terminal to fetch ports.
sudo git clone http://github.com/trueos/freebsd-ports.git /usr/ports
If you want to update ports, input the below commands.
cd /usr/ports sudo git pull
It didn't work well. It works anyway, but it didn't install softwares or showed error messages.
https://www.trueos.org/handbook/using.html#freebsd-ports
You can use another command in the terminal to fetch ports.
portsnap auto
You can compile a software using this version ports, but I couldn't run the software. Maybe there are some problems.
- FreeBSD ports?
Maybe 2018 May
https://www.reddit.com/r/TrueOS/comments/8i31pr/freebsd_ports/
You can move using arrow keys, and choose options using the space bar, and confirm the enter key.
Software installation and use
Text editors
To install Leafpad, type the below command on the terminal.
sudo pkg install leafpad
To run LeafPad, input the below command on the terminal.
leafpad
If you install it using ports, do the below commands.
cd /usr/ports/editors/leafpad sudo make install clean
Chromium
Chromium is an open source of Google Chrome. You can syncronize your bookmarks, extensions, and themes of your Chrome's using your Google account.
TrueOs has only Chromium, not Chrome. You can install it from AppCafe.
Or use a terminal to install it.
sudo pkg install chromium
Or compile it using ports.
cd /usr/ports/www/chromium sudo make install clean
If you see an error message using ports, do the below command.
sudo make DISABLE_VULNERABILITIES=yes install clean
If you want to run Chromium, input the below command.
/usr/local/bin/chrome
( /usr/local/bin/chromium doesn't work!)
Or you can search Chromium from the start menu. You can load the start menu after clicking the start button.
https://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/desktop-browsers.html
You can use DuckDuckGo as your search engine instead of Google.
Tor
TrueOS includes Tor. So you can run it just type the below command on the terminal.
tor
But TrueOS only include Tor, not Tor Browser Bundle, so you have to set any web brower to use Tor network.
Connection setting in Firefox
≡ -> Preferences -> General -> Network Proxy -> Settings... -> Configure Proxy Access to the Internet -> Manual proxy configuration
Manual proxy configuration
SOCKS Host: 127.0.0.1 Port: 9050
SOCKS v5
No Proxy for: localhost, 127.0.0.1
Set your Firefox like above. And check the checkbox of "Proxy DNS when using SOCKS v5".
- How to install tor browser in FreeBSD?
May 20, 2017
https://forums.freebsd.org/threads/how-to-install-tor-browser-in-freebsd.61011/
Security setting
≡ -> Preferences -> Privacy & Security -> History
In "History", click the "Clear History..." button.
≡ -> Preferences -> Privacy & Security -> History -> Firefox will
In "Firefox will", change "Remember history" into "Never remember history".
Installation of ScriptSafe add-on
≡ -> Add-ons -> Get Add-ons
Click "Find more add-ons" button.
There isn't NoScript, so search and install ScriptSafe.
Tor Mode
You can use "Tor Mode" to use Tor network for all software forcefully. It's similar to Tails.
https://www.trueos.org/handbook/using.html#tor-mode
VeraCrypt
Search and install VeraCrypt from AppCafe.
To run it, type veracrypt on the terminal or serach veracrypt on the start menu.
- FreeBSD support
24 Nov 2015
https://github.com/veracrypt/VeraCrypt/issues/34
R (for statistics)
R is a software and programing language for statistics.
If you search R in AppCafe, you can see R with the description "Language for statistical computing and graphics". Click the "Install" button.
If you want to run R, type the below command on the terminal.
R
(r doesn't work.)
And if you want to quit it, just input the below command.
q()
How to use
Finding processes and killing them
You can see running processes lise by inputting the below command on the terminal.
ps
If you want to see all processes list, just input "ps -A".
If you want to see processes list including a word "scim", type the below command.
ps -ax | grep scim
If you want to kill the process which has PID 27160, type the below command.
/bin/kill -s HUP 27160
If you the above command doesn't work, use the below commands.
/bin/kill 27160
or
kill 27160
- Daemons, Signals, and Killing Processes
https://docs.freebsd.org/doc/5.5-RELEASE/usr/share/doc/handbook/basics-daemons.html
su and sudo
If you want to log in as the root user on the terminal, input 'su' and root's password. If you want to return the ordinary user, type 'exit'.
If you just need root's permission temporarily, just type 'sudo' before the command the input your user password.(not root password!)
Deletion of files and folders
rm tits_of_a_baby
Deleting the tits_of_a_baby file
rm -f pussy_of_a_toddler
'-f' means to delete forcefully if there is an error.
rmdir boobs_of_a_girl
Deleting a directory. If the folder has contents, it won't be deleted.
rm -rf nipples_of_a_female
'-r' means to delete subfolders. You can delete a directory that has contents using -rf option.
mkdir: make directory
rm: remove
cd: change directory
sudo rm -rf /usr/ports
If you need root's permission, just use sudo.
File and folder names with space
mkdir: make directory
cp: copy
mv: move or rename a file or a folder
rm: remove
ls: show the files and directories list
If you use cp, mv, rm, or etc., sometimes you can see some files or folders have space in their names. You can wrap the words using " and " or ' and '. Or input "\ " instead of the space.
mkdir "pussy of the slut" cp -r "pussy of the slut" fuck
mkdir 'tits of the boy' mv 'tits of the boy' "chew his nipples"
mkdir toddler\ genital\ organ rm -r toddler\ genital\ organ
cp and rm don't work for directories. It's only for files. So you should input -r option for using the commands for folders.
Changing a passphrase of GELI
Type the below command on the terminal to check which device is encrypted.
zpool status
I can see "ada0p2.eli" and it maybe means "disk 0 partition 2".
Input the below command.
geli setkey /dev/ada0p2
Then you can see the below messages.
Enter new passphrase:
Reenter new passphrase:
Input your new passphrases twice.
And I can see the below message.
Note, that the master key encrypted with old keys and/or passphrase may still exists in a metadata backup file.
I rebooted the computer and tested my old passphrase and new passphrase to decrypt my disk. My old one didn't work, but my new one worked.
- GELI change passphrase
Feb 16, 2013
https://forums.freebsd.org/threads/geli-change-passphrase.37771/
- How to change GELI passphrase on FreeBSD 11 Root-On-ZFS system with mirror RAID?
Maybe 2016 December
And, you can see your hard disk drive's partitions' whole space and free space sizes using the below command.
df -h
Bigger window than a monitor
If a window is bigger than a monitor, you can move it using a mouse with pressing the Alt key.
How to switch between workspaces?
Hold down Ctrl + Alt and tap an arrow key to quickly move left, or right between workspaces-also called virtual desktops or multiple desktops-, depending on how they're laid out.
Hold down Ctrl and scroll down or up your mouse's scroll wheel.
Hacking study
Unix such as BSD is some different to Linux. For instance, runlevel is different. So if you want to hack web servers, you should study not only Linux but also Unix.
Many Banks used mainframes, but now many banks use Unix servers. And some banks use Linux servers.
Hotmail of Microsoft was run on FreeBSd servers. But MS didn't like the fact, so they moved it into Windows 2000 seervers.[1]
You'd better run your own website on Linux server. And later, you can run your web site on Unix server.
See also
- Orfox: Tor Browser for Android
- Tor Browser for Android: Successor to Orfox
References
- ↑ Microsoft Hotmail still runs on U**x, (FreeBSD purge incomplete), 12 Dec 2001, https://www.theregister.co.uk/2001/12/12/microsoft_hotmail_still_runs/