Korean Air

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Template:Pp-protected Template:COI Template:Short description Template:About Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox airline

Template:Infobox Korean name Korean Air Lines Co., Ltd. (Template:Ko-hhrm), operating as Korean Air, is the largest airline and flag carrier of South Korea based on fleet size, international destinations and international flights. The airline's global headquarters are located in Seoul, South Korea. Korean Air was founded as Korean National Airlines in 1946. After several years of service and expansion, the airline was fully privatized in 1969.

Korean Air's international passenger division and related subsidiary cargo division together serve 127 cities in 44 countries, while its domestic division serves 12 destinations. It is among the top 20 airlines in the world in terms of passengers carried and is also the top-ranked international cargo airline. Incheon International Airport serves as Korean Air's international hub. Korean Air also maintains a satellite headquarters campus at Incheon. The majority of Korean Air's pilots, ground staff, and flight attendants are based in Seoul.

Korean Air is the parent company of Jin Air and is a founding member of the SkyTeam airline alliance. It was voted Asia's best airline by Business Traveler readers in 2012.[1]

History

File:Douglas DC-4-1009 Korean National Airlines HL-108.jpg
A Korean National Airlines Douglas DC-4 at Oakland in 1953
File:Korean Airlines Introduction of Boeing 747 for Pacific Route 1973.jpg
KAL introduction of the Boeing 747 for its international Pacific routes in 1973.

Founding

Korean Air was founded by the South Korean government in 1962 as Korean Air Lines to replace Korean National Airlines, which was founded in 1946. On March 1, 1969, the Hanjin Transport Group took control of the airline. Long-haul freight operations were introduced on April 26, 1971, followed by passenger services to Los Angeles International Airport on April 19, 1972.[2]

International flights to Hong Kong, Taiwan and Los Angeles were flown with Boeing 707s until the introduction of the Boeing 747 in 1973. In 1973, the airline introduced Boeing 747s on its Pacific routes and started a European service to Paris, France using the 707 and then McDonnell Douglas DC-10. In 1975, the airline became one of the earliest Asian airlines to operate Airbus aircraft with the purchase of three Airbus A300s, which were put into immediate service on Asian routes.[3] Since South Korean aircraft were prohibited from flying in the airspace of North Korea and the Soviet Union at the time, the European routes had to be designed eastbound from South Korea, such as Gimpo-Anchorage-Paris.

Change to 'Korean Air'

A blue-top, silver and redesigned livery with a new corporate "Korean Air" logo featuring a stylized Taegeuk design was introduced on March 1, 1984, and the airline's name changed to Korean Air from Korean Air Lines. This livery was introduced on its Fokker F28 Fellowships and Boeing 747-300s. It was designed in cooperation between Korean Air and Boeing. In the 1990s, Korean Air became the first airline to use the new McDonnell Douglas MD-11 to supplement its new fleet of Boeing 747-400 aircraft; however, the MD-11 did not meet the airline's performance requirements and they were eventually converted to freighters. Some older 747 aircraft were also converted for freight service.

File:Korean Air Boeing 747SP at Basle - January 1985.jpg
Korean Air Lines Boeing 747SP at EuroAirport Basel Mulhouse Freiburg in 1985.
File:KoreanAirA380delivery.jpg
Korean Air takes delivery of its first Airbus A380 at Toulouse–Blagnac Airport, France, May 25, 2011.

Further expansion and founding of Jin Air

In the 1980s, Korean Air's head office was in the KAL Building on Namdaemunno, Jung-gu, Seoul.[4]

On June 5, 2007, Korean Air said that it would create a new low-cost carrier called Jin Air in Korea to compete with Korea's KTX high-speed railway network system, which offered cheaper fares and less stringent security procedures compared to air travel. Jin Air started its scheduled passenger service from Seoul to Jeju on July 17, 2008. Korean Air announced that some of its 737s and A300s would be given to Jin Air.

By 2009, Korean Air's image had become more prestigious, differing from the airline's late-1990s image, which had been tarnished by several fatal accidents.[5]

In mid-2010, a co-marketing deal with games company Blizzard Entertainment sent a 747-400 and a 737-900 taking to the skies wrapped in StarCraft II branding. In August 2010, Korean Air announced heavy second-quarter losses despite record high revenue.[6] In August 2010, Hanjin Group, the parent of Korean, opened a new cargo terminal at Navoi in Uzbekistan, which will become a cargo hub with regular Incheon-Navoi-Milan flights.[7]

Korean Air owns five hotels: two KAL hotels on Jeju island, the Hyatt in Incheon; Waikiki Resort in Hawaii and a hotel/office building called the Wilshire Grand Tower which is being redeveloped. This building in downtown Los Angeles will house the largest InterContinental Hotel in the Americas in what will be the tallest building in Los Angeles.[8]

In 2013, Korean Air acquired a 44% stake in Czech Airlines.[9] It sold the stake in October 2017.

Corporate affairs and identity

File:Korean Air Headquarters in Seoul.jpg
One of the airline's offices, the KAL Building in Seoul

Korean Air's headquarters, the Korean Air Operations Center (대한항공 빌딩[10]), is located in Gonghang-dong, Gangseo-gu in Seoul. Korean Air also has offices at Gimpo International Airport in Seoul. Korean Air's other hubs are at Jeju International Airport, Jeju and Gimhae International Airport, Busan.[2] The maintenance facilities are located in Gimhae International Airport.

The airline had approximately 20,540 employees as of December 2014.[11]

Destinations

Template:Main Korean Air serves 123 international destinations in 50 countries on 5 continents, excluding codeshares. The airline’s international hub is Incheon International Airport. The airline also flies 13 domestic destinations within South Korea. KAL operates between Incheon and 22 cities in mainland China, and along with Asiana Airlines, it is one of the two largest foreign airlines to operate into the People's Republic of China.[12]

Codeshare agreements

Korean Air codeshares with the following airlines:[13][14]

Template:Div col

Template:Colend Korean Air is also an airline partner of Skywards, the frequent-flyer program for Emirates. Skywards members can earn miles for flying Korean Air and can redeem miles for free flights.

Fleet

File:Korean Air Airbus A330-200, HL7538@ZRH,14.04.2007-459av - Flickr - Aero Icarus.jpg
Korean Air Airbus A330-200
File:Korean Air Boeing 777-200ER HL7526 SVO 2011-6-17.png
Korean Air Boeing 777-200ER
File:Korean Air Lines, Boeing 787-9, HL8082 (36198855742).jpg
Korean Air Boeing 787-9
File:Boeing 747-8I, Korean.jpg
Korean Air Boeing 747-8I
File:Korean Air Airbus A380-861; HL7611@LAX;11.10.2011 623br (6643811363).jpg
Korean Air Airbus A380

As of March 2019, the Korean Air fleet consists of the following aircraft:[19][20][21][22]

Korean Air Fleet
Aircraft In service Orders Passengers Notes
F C Y+ Y Total
Airbus A220-300 10 — — — 25 102 127 Order with 10 options and 10 purchase rights[23]
Delivered from December 2017.[24][22]
One aircraft in special 50th Anniversary of establishment liveryTemplate:Citation needed
105 130
Airbus A321neo — 30 TBA Order with 20 options.[25]
Airbus A330-200 8 — 6 24 — 188 218 One aircraft in SkyTeam liveryTemplate:Citation needed
Airbus A330-300 21 — 6 18 — 248 272
18 252 276
Airbus A380-800 10 — 12 94 — 301 407
Boeing 737-800 10 — — 12 — 126 138 Two aircraft are in SkyTeam liveryTemplate:Citation needed
135 147
Boeing 737-900 16 — — 8 — 180 188
Boeing 737-900ER 6 — — 12 — 147 159
Boeing 737 MAX 8 — 30 — 8 24 108 140 Order with 20 options.[26]
Boeing 747-400 2 — 12 45 — 308 365
Boeing 747-8I 10 — 6 48 — 314 368
Boeing 777-200ER 14 — 8
 28
 — 212 248 One aircraft in 10th Future Artists Drawing Contest liveryTemplate:Citation needed
8 28 225 261
Boeing 777-300 4 — 6 35 — 297 338
Boeing 777-300ER 24 6 8 42 — 227 277 One aircraft in SkyTeam liveryTemplate:Citation needed
One aircraft in Children's Drawing Contest liveryTemplate:Citation needed
One aircraft in 50th Anniversary of establishment special livery.[27]
8 56 227 291
Boeing 787-9 9 1 6 18 — 245 269 Order with 10 options.[28]
Order was converted from 787-8.[29][30]
Template:AnchorKorean Air Cargo fleet
Boeing 747-400ERF 4 — Cargo
Boeing 747-8F 7 — Cargo
Boeing 777F 12 — Cargo
Template:AnchorKorean Air Business Jet fleet[31][32]
Boeing BBJ1 2 — 16 - 26
Bombardier Global Express XRS 2 — 13
Gulfstream G650ER 1[33] — 13
Sikorsky S-76+ 1 — 5 - 6
Template:AnchorKorean Air Air Ambulance fleet
Eurocopter EC135 5 — 5
Total 178 67

Retired fleet

File:HL7290 A300B4-622R Korean Air NRT 21MAY03 (8422304061).jpg
Airbus A300-600R
File:Boeing 707-338C, Korean Air Lines Cargo AN0813292.jpg
Boeing 707-320C
File:Korean Air Lines Boeing 747SP Marmet-1.jpg
Boeing 747SP

Korean Air has operated the following aircraft:[34]

Korean Air retired fleet
Aircraft Total Introduced Retired Notes
Airbus A300B4-2C 8 1975 1997
Airbus A300B4-200F 2 1986 2000
Airbus A300-600R 30 1987 2012
Airbus A300-600RF 2 2015 2015 Converted from Airbus A300-600R.
Boeing 707-320B Template:Unknown Template:Unknown Template:Unknown One was attacked in Soviet Union airspace as Korean Air Lines Flight 902
Boeing 707-320C Template:Unknown Template:Unknown Template:Unknown One was destroyed by a bomb while flying over the Andaman Sea as Korean Air Flight 858
Boeing 720 Template:Unknown Template:Unknown Template:Unknown
Boeing 727-100 Template:Unknown Template:Unknown Template:Unknown
Boeing 727-200 Template:Unknown Template:Unknown Template:Unknown
Boeing 747-200B 10 1978 1998 One aircraft was shot down in Soviet Union airspace as Korean Air Flight 007
One crashed as Korean Air Lines Flight 015
Boeing 747-200C 2 1974 2000
Boeing 747-200F 8 1978 2006 One crashed as Korean Air Cargo Flight 8509
Boeing 747-200SF 2 1991 2002 Converted from Boeing 747-200BTemplate:Citation needed
Boeing 747-300 2 1984 2006 One crashed as Korean Air Flight 801
Boeing 747-300M 1 1988 2001
Boeing 747-300SF 1 2001 2006 Converted from Boeing 747-300MTemplate:Citation needed
Boeing 747-400BCF 9 2007 2014 Converted from Boeing 747-400s retired from passenger operationsTemplate:Citation needed
Boeing 747-400F 10 1996 2018
Boeing 747-400M 1 1990 2010
Boeing 747SP 2 1981 1998
Boeing 777-200ER 4 2005 2016 Transferred to subsidiary Jin AirTemplate:Citation needed
CASA C-212 Template:Unknown Template:Unknown Template:Unknown
Douglas DC-3 Template:Unknown Template:Unknown Template:Unknown
Douglas DC-4 Template:Unknown Template:Unknown Template:Unknown
Douglas DC-8-60 6 1972 1976
Fairchild-Hiller FH-227 Template:Unknown Template:Unknown Template:Unknown
Fokker F27-200 Template:Unknown Template:Unknown Template:Unknown
Fokker F27-500 Template:Unknown Template:Unknown Template:Unknown
Fokker F28-4000 Template:Unknown Template:Unknown Template:Unknown
Fokker 100 12 1992 2004
Lockheed L-749A Constellation Template:Unknown Template:Unknown Template:Unknown
McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32 Template:Unknown Template:Unknown Template:Unknown
McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30 5 1975 1996 One crashed as Korean Air Flight 803
McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30CF 1 1978 1983
McDonnell Douglas MD-11 5 1991 1995
McDonnell Douglas MD-11F 5 1995 2005 One crashed as Korean Air Cargo Flight 6316
McDonnell Douglas MD-82 9 1993 2001
McDonnell Douglas MD-83 7 1994 2001
NAMC YS-11A-200 Template:Unknown Template:Unknown Template:Unknown

Fleet plans

At the Association of Asia Pacific Airlines Assembly in 2018, Korean Air announced that it was considering a new large widebody aircraft order. Types under consideration for replacement of older widebody aircraft in the fleet include the Boeing 777X and Airbus A350 XWB.[35]

Aircraft interiors

File:Airbus A380-861, Korean Air AN2067289.jpg
Korean Air Airbus A380-800 Business Class cabin
File:Airbus A380-861, Korean Air AN1960985.jpg
Korean Air Airbus A380-800 Economy Class cabin

Korean Air offers four types of first class, three types of business (Prestige) class, and two types of economy class.

Prestige Class

Prestige Class seats include "Prestige Sleeper" seats on all Boeing 777-300ERs and Airbus A380s, as well as 777-200ER aircraft that feature "Kosmo Suites" seats; "Prestige Plus" seats on most of the Boeing 777-200ER fleet, most of the Boeing 747-400 fleet, and one Boeing 777-300; and "old Prestige Class" seats. "Prestige Sleeper" seats recline to 180 degrees, while "Prestige Plus" seats recline up to 172 degrees. "Old Prestige Class" seats recline up to only 138 degrees, although these seats are being phased out except for on Boeing 737 aircraft.

Economy Class

Economy Class seats recline up to 121 degrees. A new type of seat called "New Economy Class" is being installed on all Boeing 777-300ER and Boeing 777-200ER aircraft with Kosmo Suites, all Boeing 777-300 aircraft, some Airbus A330-300 aircraft, some Airbus A330-200 aircraft, the Airbus A380 aircraft (factory-installed), and brand new Boeing 747-8i aircraft.

The "Kosmo Suites" seats and the "Prestige Sleeper" seats were first introduced in the Boeing 777-300ERs in May 2009.[36] Both seats could stretch to 180 degrees, and became more private than seats before.

The Korean Air Airbus A380-800 aircraft also feature an inflight bar called the Celestial Bar in partnership with Absolut Vodka, featuring a range of Absolut cocktails, along with an integrated lounge space.[37] It is located on the upper deck Business Class cabin, and is accessible only to First and Prestige class passengers.

On the lower deck of the A380, there is a Lancôme-designed duty-free shop located in the rear of the cabin that is available to all passengers.[38]

Loyalty program

SKYPASS is the frequent-flyer program of Korean Air. "SKYPASS" also refers to the blue card which Korean Air frequent-flyers are given. The motto of SKYPASS is "Beyond your Imagination". The program's elite levels are comparable to those of other airlines' frequent-flyer programs, requiring members to fly 30,000 miles per two-year cycle (initial entry into this level requires 50,000 miles). Qualification for the highest level is based on lifetime flight miles, requiring a customer to fly 1 million miles for Million Miler, which is the highest elite status; or 500,000 miles for Morning Calm Premium, which comes second. Both membership levels are eligible for SkyTeam Elite Plus privileges. Membership in these levels are granted for life.

Aerospace research and manufacturing

Korean Air is also involved in aerospace research and manufacturing. The division, known as the Korean Air Aerospace Division (KAL-ASD), has manufactured licensed versions of the MD Helicopters MD 500 and Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk helicopters, as well as the Northrop F-5E/F Tiger II fighter aircraft,[39] the aft fuselage and wings for the KF-16 fighter aircraft manufactured by Korean Aerospace Industries and parts for various commercial aircraft including the Boeing 737, Boeing 747, Boeing 777 and Boeing 787 Dreamliner; and the Airbus A330 and Airbus A380.[40] In 1991 the division designed and flew the Korean Air Chang-Gong 91 light aircraft. KAA also provides aircraft maintenance support for the United States Department of Defense in Asia and maintains a research division with focuses on launch vehicles, satellites, commercial aircraft, military aircraft, helicopters and simulation systems.[41]

In October 2012, a development deal between Bombardier Aerospace and a government-led South Korean consortium was announced, aiming to develop a 90-seat turboprop regional airliner, targeting a 2019 launch date. The consortium would include Korea Aerospace Industries and Korean Air Lines.[42]

Incidents and accidents

Template:Main article Korean Air has a poor safety record and was once regardedTemplate:Whom as one of the world's most dangerous airlines.Template:Fact Between 1970 and 1999, many fatal incidents occurred, during which time 16 aircraft were written off in serious incidents and accidents with the loss of 700 lives. Two Korean Air aircraft were shot down by the Soviet Union, one operating as Korean Air Lines Flight 902 and the other as Korean Air Lines Flight 007. The deadliest crash of the airline was Flight 007 which was shot down by the Soviet Union on September 1, 1983. All 269 people were killed, including a sitting U.S. Congressman, Larry McDonald. The last fatal passenger accident was the Korean Air Flight 801 crash in 1997, which killed 228 people. The last crew fatalities were in the crash of Korean Air Cargo Flight 8509 in December 1999.[43]

Criticism

Chaebol and nepotism

Korean Air has been cited as one of the examples of the South Korean "chaebol" system, wherein corporate conglomerates, established with government support, overreach diverse branches of industry. For much of the time between the foundation of Korean Air as Korean National Airlines in 1946 and the foundation of Asiana Airlines in 1988, Korean Air was the only airline operating in South Korea. The process of privatization of Korean National Airlines in 1969 was supported by Park Chung-hee, the South Korean military general-president who seized power of the country through a military coup d'état; and the monopoly of the airline was secured for two decades. After widening the Jaebeol branches, the subsidiary corporations of Korean Air include marine and overland transportation businesses, hotels and real estate among others; and the previous branches included heavy industry, passenger transportation, construction and a stockbroking business. The nature of the South Korean chaebeol system involves nepotism. A series of incidents involving Korean Air in 2000s have "revealed an ugly side of the culture within chaebeols, South Korean’s giant family-run conglomerates".[44]

"Nut rage" incident

Template:Main article Cho Hyun-Ah, also known as "Heather Cho", is the daughter of the chairman Cho Yang-ho. She resigned from some of her duties in late 2014 after she ordered a Korean Air jet to return to the gate to allow a flight attendant to be removed from the aircraft. The attendant had served Cho nuts in a bag instead of on a plate. As a result of further fallout, Cho Hyun-Ah was later arrested by Korean authorities for violating South Korea's aviation safety laws.[45]

See also

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References

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  1. ↑ Template:Cite web
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Template:Cite news
  3. ↑ "Korean Air Lines Co., Ltd. History Template:Webarchive". International Directory of Company Histories, Vol. 27. St. James Press, 1999.
  4. ↑ "World Airline Directory." Flight International. May 16, 1981. 1444.
  5. ↑ Template:Cite news
  6. ↑ Template:Cite web
  7. ↑ Template:Cite web
  8. ↑ Vincent, Roger (September 23, 2014) "Hotel under construction in downtown L.A. will be an InterContinental" Los Angeles Times
  9. ↑ Template:Cite news
  10. ↑ Template:Cite web "주소: 서울 특별시 강서구 공항동 1370번지 대현항공 빌딩"
  11. ↑ Template:Cite web
  12. ↑ "Why Nearly Half of Asiana Passengers Were Chinese." The Wall Street Journal. July 7, 2013. Retrieved on July 19, 2013.
  13. ↑ Template:Cite web
  14. ↑ Template:Cite web
  15. ↑ Template:Cite web
  16. ↑ Template:Cite web
  17. ↑ Template:Cite web
  18. ↑ Template:Cite web
  19. ↑ Template:Cite web
  20. ↑ Template:Cite web
  21. ↑ Template:Cite web
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 Template:Cite web
  23. ↑ Template:Cite web
  24. ↑ Template:Cite web
  25. ↑ Template:Cite press release
  26. ↑ Template:Cite press release
  27. ↑ Template:Cite news
  28. ↑ Template:Cite web
  29. ↑ Template:Cite web
  30. ↑ Template:Cite web
  31. ↑ Template:Cite web
  32. ↑ Template:Cite web
  33. ↑ Template:Cite web
  34. ↑ Template:Cite web
  35. ↑ Template:Cite news
  36. ↑ Template:Cite news
  37. ↑ Template:Cite web
  38. ↑ Template:Cite web
  39. ↑ Template:Cite web
  40. ↑ Carrier moonlights in aerospace. Los Angeles Times. (February 18, 2007).
  41. ↑ Korean Air Aerospace Division Official Website Template:Webarchive. Kal-asd.com.
  42. ↑ Template:Cite news
  43. ↑ Template:Cite news
  44. ↑ Pasick, Adam (December 9, 2014). "Nepotism in a Nutshell". The Atlantic. Retrieved December 23, 2016.
  45. ↑ Template:Cite web

External links

Template:Commons

Template:Korean Air Template:Airlines of South Korea Template:Navboxes

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